[公司]陕西安捷照明 LED引脚式封装工艺过程
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2013-03-04
[公司]安捷照明LED产品品鉴会在广州盛大举行
2013-10-121.LED芯片检验
镜检：材料表面是否有机械损伤及麻点麻坑（lockhill芯片尺寸及电极大小是否符合工艺要求电极图案是否完整
2.LED扩片
由于LED芯片在划片后依然排列紧密间距很小（约0.1mm），不利于后工序的操作。我们采用扩片机对黏结芯片的膜进行扩张，是LED芯片的间距拉伸到约0.6mm。也可以采用手工扩张，但很容易造成芯片掉落浪费等不良问题。
3.LED点胶
在LED支架的相应位置点上银胶或绝缘胶。（对于GaAs、SiC导电衬底，具有背面电极的红光、黄光、黄绿芯片，采用银胶。对于蓝宝石绝缘衬底的蓝光、绿光LED芯片，采用绝缘胶来固定芯片。）
工艺难点在于点胶量的控制，在胶体高度、点胶位置均有详细的工艺要求。
由于银胶和绝缘胶在贮存和使用均有严格的要求，银胶的醒料、搅拌、使用时间都是工艺上必须注意的事项。
4.LED备胶
和点胶相反，备胶是用备胶机先把银胶涂在LED背面电极上，然后把背部带银胶的LED安装在LED支架上。备胶的效率远高于点胶，但不是所有产品均适用备胶工艺。
5.LED手工刺片
将扩张后LED芯片（备胶或未备胶）安置在刺片台的夹具上，LED支架放在夹具底下，在显微镜下用针将LED芯片一个一个刺到相应的位置上。手工刺片和自动装架相比有一个好处，便于随时更换不同的芯片，适用于需要安装多种芯片的产品。
6.LED自动装架
自动装架其实是结合了沾胶（点胶）和安装芯片两大步骤，先在LED支架上点上银胶（绝缘胶），然后用真空吸嘴将LED芯片吸起移动位置，再安置在相应的支架位置上。自动装架在工艺上主要要熟悉设备操作编程，同时对设备的沾胶及安装精度进行调整。在吸嘴的选用上尽量选用胶木吸嘴，防止对LED芯片表面的损伤，特别是蓝、绿色芯片必须用胶木的。因为钢嘴会划伤芯片表面的电流扩散层。
7.LED烧结
烧结的目的是使银胶固化，烧结要求对温度进行监控，防止批次性不良。银胶烧结的温度一般控制在150℃，烧结时间2小时。根据实际情况可以调整到170℃，1小时。绝缘胶一般150℃，1小时。
银胶烧结烘箱的必须按工艺要求隔2小时（或1小时）打开更换烧结的产品，中间不得随意打开。烧结烘箱不得再其他用途，防止污染。
8.LED压焊
压焊的目的将电极引到LED芯片上，完成产品内外引线的连接工作。
LED的压焊工艺有金丝球焊和铝丝压焊两种。右图是铝丝压焊的过程，先在LED芯片电极上压上第一点，再将铝丝拉到相应的支架上方，压上第二点后扯断铝丝。金丝球焊过程则在压第一点前先烧个球，其余过程类似。
压焊是LED封装技术中的关键环节，工艺上主要需要监控的是压焊金丝（铝丝）拱丝形状，焊点形状，拉力。
9.LED封胶
LED的封装主要有点胶、灌封、模压三种。基本上工艺控制的难点是气泡、多缺料、黑点。设计上主要是对材料的选型，选用结合良好的环氧和支架。（一般的LED无法通过气密性试验）
9.1LED点胶：
TOP-LED和Side-LED适用点胶封装。手动点胶封装对操作水平要求很高（特别是白光LED），主要难点是对点胶量的控制，因为环氧在使用过程中会变稠。白光LED的点胶还存在荧光粉沉淀导致出光色差的问题。
9.2LED灌胶封装
Lamp-LED的封装采用灌封的形式。灌封的过程是先在LED成型模腔内注入液态环氧，然后插入压焊好的LED支架，放入烘箱让环氧固化后，将LED从模腔中脱出即成型。
9.3LED模压封装
将压焊好的LED支架放入模具中，将上下两副模具用液压机合模并抽真空，将固态环氧放入注胶道的入口加热用液压顶杆压入模具胶道中，环氧顺着胶道进入各个LED成型槽中并固化。
10.LED固化与后固化
固化是指封装环氧的固化，一般环氧固化条件在135℃，1小时。模压封装一般在150℃，4分钟。后固化是为了让环氧充分固化，同时对LED进行热老化。后固化对于提高环氧与支架（PCB）的粘接强度非常重要。一般条件为120℃，4小时。
11.LED切筋和划片
由于LED在生产中是连在一起的（不是单个），Lamp封装LED采用切筋切断LED支架的连筋。SMD-LED则是在一片PCB板上，需要划片机来完成分离工作。
12.LED测试
测试LED的光电参数、检验外形尺寸，同时根据客户要求对LED产品进行分选。
13.LED包装
将成品进行计数包装。超高亮LED需要防静电包装。
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